Pulpaya, also called the traditional grass mat, is one of the most ancient hand-woven crafts of Kerala. The history of this mat stretches back to the era of the Atharva Veda, making it a remarkable symbol of India’s heritage. Unlike modern synthetic mats, Pulpaya reflects the wisdom of natural living and sustainable crafting. This simple, skin-friendly, and artistic mat stands as a cultural artefact, deeply rooted in Kerala’s traditions, especially among the Kuruva community living near the River Bharathapuzha.
Mentioned in the Atharva Veda (3500–1500 BC), one of India’s oldest scriptures.
Traditionally used by elite individuals for sitting and sleeping.
Common people relied on wooden planks during ancient times.
Cultural Association
Closely connected to the Kuruva community in Kerala.
Produced mainly in Kilimangalam, a village in Thrissur district.
UNESCO recognition was awarded in 2006 for Kora grass mats.
Botanical Profile of Korappullu (Cyperus corymbosus)
Feature
Details
Scientific Name
Cyperus corymbosus
Common Name
Korappullu
Family
Papyrus
Height
91.5 cm to 152 cm
Growth Habitat
Thrives in marshes and riverbanks
Growth Peak
August to September
Special Properties
Known for skin-friendly characteristics
Grass Collection and Preparation Process
Collection
Local villagers harvest Korappullu grass in bulk from the riverbanks.
Initial Processing
Grass cut into long, thin strips.
Dried under the sun for three days to reduce moisture.
Dyeing Methods
Chapangam bark (Caesalpinia sappan) used for natural red dye.
Both natural and chemical dyes are used.
Tie-dye techniques are applied for varied color effects.
Strips were dried again after dyeing.
Soaking and Conditioning of Grass
Stage
Details
Water Soaking
Grass bundles soaked in running water for several days
Method
Stones tied to bundles to keep them submerged
Expansion
Grass swells to three times its original size
Final Drying
Strips are dried thoroughly before weaving begins
Weaving of the Pulpaya
Technique
Woven on a floor loom using warp and weft patterns.
Weft made of grass; warp made using cotton or silk yarns.
Time and Skill
One mat measuring 183 cm x 91.5 cm takes one full day to weave.
Process requires precision, patience, and manual expertise.
Kuruva Community and Craftsmanship
Aspect
Details
Community Name
Kuruva
Primary Location
Near the River Bharathapuzha, Kerala
Historical Centre
Kilimangalam, Thrissur District
Craft Specialisation
Experts in weaving grass mats and crafting related products
Skill Transmission
Knowledge passed down through generations
Diverse Products Made from Korappullu Grass
Home Decor Items
Wall hangings
Table mats
Handcrafted bags
Utility Items
Sleeping mats
Floor mats for hot summer use
Cooling seats for indoor and outdoor furniture
Modern Demand and Recognition
Area
Highlights
Domestic Use
Preferred in summer for its cooling effect
Export Value
Products are shipped to other Indian states and international markets
Cultural Heritage
Symbol of sustainable living and eco-friendly craftsmanship
UNESCO Seal of Excellence
Recognised in 2006 for craftsmanship and cultural value
Unique Features of Pulpaya Grass Mats
Environmentally Friendly
Made from natural grass and plant-based dyes.
Durable and Flexible
Withstands wear and tear with proper care.
Artistic Appearance
Tie-dye and bright colored patterns make it visually appealing.
Health Benefits
Skin-safe properties and non-toxic material.
Local Livelihood Support
Sustains rural employment and preserves indigenous skills.
Key Takeaways
Pulpaya grass mats represent more than just a traditional floor covering; they are a living example of Kerala’s deep connection to nature and craftsmanship. Crafted from Korappullu grass by the skilled hands of the Kuruva community, these mats embody centuries of heritage, ecological mindfulness, and aesthetic beauty. In a time when the world seeks sustainable alternatives, Pulpaya continues to inspire admiration both at home and abroad, keeping the rich legacy of this humble yet elegant mat alive.
